South+Dakota

South Dakota Newborn Screening Program screens all newborns for the following metabolic disorders > Children who have cystic fibrosis are born with the disorder, but often do not show visible signs of disease for weeks, months, or even years. In this disorder there are abnormal amounts of salt in body secretions, especially in the lungs and pancreas.
 * **Amino Acid Disorders -** Amino acid disorders (AA disorders) are conditions that limit the body’s ability to break down certain proteins.
 * **Biotinidase Deficiency -** Babies with this problem do not have enough of the vitamin called biotin. Without this vitamin, the baby's growth and development will not be normal
 * **Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) -** Most babies with this problem do not have enough of the chemical 21-hydroxylase. Without 21-hydroxylase, a baby's growth and development will not be normal.
 * **Congenital Hypothyroidism -** A baby born with this problem does not make enough thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone keeps a baby's body growing strong and healthy.
 * **Cystic Fibrosis -** Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common of the serious inherited disorders present in children.
 * **Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders -** Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAO disorders) are conditions that limit the body’s ability to make energy, especially if that person has not eaten for some time. The body breaks down food into energy.
 * **Galactosemia -** A baby with this problem cannot digest the sugar galactose. If not treated, galactose will build up in the body causing damage to the eyes, liver and brain.
 * **Organic Acidemia Disorders -** Organic acidemias are a group of conditions caused by the body’s inability to break down certain proteins
 * **Phenylketonuria (PKU) -** Babies with PKU do not have the chemical needed to digest phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is found in foods with protein. If not treated, PKU can lead to brain damage and learning problems.
 * **Sickle Cell Disease -** Healthy red blood cells are shaped like a donut. With sickle cell disease, some red blood cells are sickle shaped like a banana. These cells can become trapped in blood vessels causing pain, discomfort, or damage. Babies with sickle cell disease are more likely to develop severe infections.